According to witnesses, the worker slipped out of his safety belt and fell three floors to a concrete walkway and injured his head. When the brake was released, the three inches of cable left on the drum ran out and the hoist fell, causing the right side of the scaffold to drop. This particular rig had been used without incident every day for two week preceding this fatal fall. [, Gears and brakes of power-operated hoists used on suspension scaffolds must be enclosed. They were on a two-point suspension scaffold that did not have guardrails; the ropes suspending the scaffold were old and had not been inspected; and the employees were not wearing safety belts. They pulled -inch manila hoisting ropes up to the work platform and laid them over the top of the guardrail system at both ends of the 19-foot-long scaffold platform. [, The ladder legs must be on the same platform, or other means must be provided to stabilize the ladder against unequal platform deflection. 3 Each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least_____time the maximum intended load applied to it. Tip: When a suspended scaffold sits overnight, water condensation may form on the wire ropes, making them slip through the braking device and cause the scaffold to fall. . The scaffold had not been tied back according to the manufacturer's specifications. The top edge height of toprails on supported scaffolds must be between 36 inches and 45 inches. One painter safely climbed back onto the roof while the other fell approximately 35 feet to his death. There are two kinds of falling object hazards associated with scaffolds. This was done without inspecting the hoist for sufficient cable length. Platforms on two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds (swing stages) must be no more than 36 inches wide, unless a qualified person has designed them to prevent unstable conditions. The company did not conduct a fall protection or competent person inspection, nor was a safety line or any fall protection used. [, Provided with stop bolts or shackles at both ends. A patient suffers brain damage in an automobile accident. Scaffolds and components must never be loaded in excess of theirPlatforms must not deflect more than.Fabricated frame scaffolds over.. Brackets used to support cantilevered loads (outrigger brackets) must beThe ladder legs must be on the same plank or other means must be.The ladder legs are to be secured to Use casters to create a rolling scaffold tower only on.Casters must be.When moving scaffold manual force must be applied.Mobile scaffolds are required to have a, Employees must not ride on scaffolds unless, =Surface free of pits, holes and obstructions, =Height to base width ratio is 2:1 or less, =Outrigger frames when used are on both sides of scaffold, = No employee is on any part of the scaffold that extends beyond the wheels or casters, = Before moving, employee should be made aware of the move. Optional body belt B. Only ___?___ person(s) shall operate an aerial lift. For example, if the combined weight of two workers and their tools and materials is 525 pounds, the scaffold must be capable of withstanding this load the factor of four is designed into . [. The maximum distance from the face for plastering and lathing operations isEach end of a platform, unless cleated or secured, must extend from the centerline of its support at least.. Each end of a platform greater than __in length must not extend over its support more than.. Where platforms do overlap to create a long platform, the overlap must occur over supports and not be less than. At least 4 times the tipping moment imposed by the scaffold when it is operating at the rated load of the hoist. In addition to meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.502(d), personal fall-arrest systems used on scaffolds are to be attached by lanyard to a vertical lifeline, horizontal lifeline, or scaffold structural member. Therefore, ladder access is not discussed in this module. Connecting device (lanyard with shock absorber/retractable lifeline, snap hooks) C. Anti-jerk cord D. Any of the above An employee was on a two-point suspension scaffold, approximately 25 ft. high, when the guardrail gave way. [, Scaffolds shall be altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person. They attempted to move a hook to reposition it when the hook slipped off the parapet, causing one end of the scaffold to drop. Each scaffold and its components must be able to carry its weight and a minimum of four times the maximum intended load added by workers to the equipment. The drawing shows a complex wave moving to the right block is an..Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights must be.. = Mud sills must be used in soil, asphalt. The co-worker was left hanging on to the remaining scaffold rope. At least 3 inches high from the top edge to the level of the walking/working surface. This poses a risk of electrocution not just to the worker holding the tool, but to everyone who contacts the scaffold. Employees must be able to safely access any level of a scaffold that is 2 feet above or below an access point. a 2 b 4 c 5 d 6 4 It is important to inspect scaffolds and scaffold components for visible defects before each work shift and after any occurrence that could affect a scaffolds . (Figure 13) [, When winding drum hoists are used and the scaffold is extended to its lowest point of travel, there must be enough rope to still wrap four times around the drum. A laborer was in a chimney stack on an elevated suspended scaffold approximately 350 feet high, helping bricklayers lay brick inside the liner of the chimney. (Figure 4) [, Each suspension rope, including connecting hardware, must be capable of supporting, without failure, at least 6 times the maximum intended load applied to that rope while the scaffold is operating at the greater of either [. [, Unless it is designed and installed to support employees and materials without tipping, or has guardrails that block employee access, each end of a platform may not extend over its support more than 12 inches (for platforms 10 feet or shorter in length) or more than 18 inches (for platforms more than 10 feet long). Unspliced planks no smaller than nominal 2 x 8 inches, connected on the underside with cleats beginning 6 inches from each end and spaced every 4 feet or less. [, Scaffold platforms must be able to support their own weight, plus four times the maximum intended load. The victim was on the left side of the platform and was wearing the same equipment, but he apparently did not have the lanyard hooked to his lifeline. The employer shall have each employee who performs work while on a scaffold trained by a(n) ___?___ to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used and to understand the procedures to control or minimize those hazards. Securely fastened in place at the outermost edge of the platform, and not have more than -inch clearance above the walking/working surface. Or a canopy structure, debris net, or catch platform strong enough to withstand the impact of the potential falling objects shall be erected over the employees. Before allowing workers onto the platform, a good safety practice is to raise the scaffold 3 feet, then lower it and hit the brakes to clear the moisture (see Support). He was not wearing his safety belt and was killed. Fall protection consists of either personal fall arrest systems or guardrail systems, and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level (two-point scaffolds require both PFAS and guardrail systems). The portion of the tail line that hangs free below the scaffold must be guided or retained, or both, so that it does not become grounded. 3. Tip: Analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics data for suspended scaffold fatalities from 1992-99 found that over 20 percent of fall deaths were due to suspension ropes breaking. True Platforms must not deflect more than 1/60 of the span when loaded. [, Guardrail systems must be installed along all open sides and ends of platforms , and must be in place before the scaffold is released for use by employees other than erection/dismantling crews. [, Ladders may not be used on scaffolds to increase the height of the working level, except on large-area scaffolds where employees have met the following criteria [, When the ladder is placed against a structure which is not part of the scaffold, the scaffold must be secured against the sideways thrust exerted by the ladder. [, Employees are not permitted to work on or from a scaffold during storms or high wind, unless a competent person has determined that it is safe, and those employees are protected by [. Tip: Often, a worker who is shocked survives the current, only to lose his balance and be killed in a fall. Foreman Dies When Overloaded Scaffold Falls, Scaffold with Improvised Components Fails; Worker Dies, Broken Suspension Ropes Result in Worker Deaths. Protecting these workers from scaffold-related incidents can prevent injuries and deaths attributed to falls from scaffolding each year. Two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, also known as swing-stage scaffolds, are perhaps the most common type of suspended scaffold. [, Swaged attachments or spliced eyes on wire suspension ropes may not be used unless they are made by the manufacturer or a qualified person. Bolts or other direct connections to the floor or deck. [, Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers must not be intermixed, unless they fit together without being forced, and the scaffold's structural integrity is maintained. With respect to 1926.451 (a) (1), the provision requires that each scaffold and scaffold component be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. Scaffolding safety is a combination of practices and safety procedures that enforces proper and safe use of scaffoldings. is allowed to accumulate on the platform. The fall protection requirements for employees installing suspension scaffold support systems on floors, roofs, and other elevated surfaces, are described in 29 CFR 1926 Subpart M, the Fall Protection standard [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1)]. Millions of workers in the construction industry work on scaffolds. No more than a 10 foot span between hangers. Three employees were spray painting a water tower that was 125 ft. high and 30 ft. in diameter. He died from the resulting injuries. [, Scaffolds are to be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only under the supervision of a competent person qualified in such activities. [, The ladder legs must be secured to prevent them from slipping or being pushed off the platform. Scaffold working platform is the most commonly seen structure at any [, Guardrails must be surfaced to prevent punctures or lacerations to employees, and to prevent snagging of clothing, which may cause employees to lose their balance. [, Be used only to support personnel, unless the scaffold has been designed and built to withstand the tipping forces caused by other loads. Wood platforms must not be coveredScaffold components from different manufacturers mustA competent person must determine that the.. The second man on the scaffold (the window washer) managed to cling to the scaffold and a nearby window ledge until he could be rescued. Each scaffold must be capable of supporting, without failure, it's own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. Two employees were painting the exterior of a three-story building when one of the two outriggers on their two-point suspension scaffold failed. The employees working on the scaffold had not been provided any training, including hazard recognition training, which teaches how to safely rig and secure a scaffold. [, The stall load of any scaffold hoist must not exceed 3 times its rated load. (, Clips must be installed according to the manufacturer's recommendations. When scaffold platforms are more than ___?___ above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers (scaffold stairways/towers), stairway-type ladders (such as ladder stands), ramps, walkways, integral prefabricated scaffold access, or direct access from another scaffold, structure, personnel hoist, or similar surface shall be used. Examination of the lanyard after the event showed burn damage at several places, including the point of failure. Two employees were sandblasting a 110-foot water tank while working on a two-point suspension scaffold 60-70 feet above the ground. Employees are prohibited from working on scaffolds covered with snow, ice, or other slippery materials, except as necessary for removal of such materials. Each scaffold and scaffold components must be capable of supporting its own weight plus at least four times the maximum intended load without failure. [, Wire suspension ropes must not be joined together except through the use of eye splice thimbles connected with shackles or coverplates and bolts. [, Devices whose sole function is to provide emergency escape and rescue may not be used as working platforms. This does not preclude the use of systems designed to function as both suspension scaffolds and emergency systems. [, On suspended scaffolds with horizontal lifelines that may become vertical lifelines, the devices used to connect to the horizontal lifeline must be capable of locking in both directions. Scaffold incidents causing injury or death to workers is often the result of either the planking or support giving way, by the worker slipping, the absence of fall protection, or being struck by a falling object. A scaffold can be overloaded by [. Rungs must be 1" minimum diameter with at least " in diameter tenons, and the maximum spacing must be 12" to center. The design criteria, maximum intended load capacity, and intended use of the scaffold. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(1)] Contributing factors included the absence of guardrails on one side of the scaffold, and the fact that his safety belt was not attached to a safety line. Which shotgun choke is best for hunting a large, slow bird, such as a turkey? [, The platform must be securely fastened to hangers (stirrups) by U-bolts, or by other means that make it capable of supporting its own weight and at least 4 times its maximum intended load. Or wind screens (when windscreens are used the scaffold must be secured against the anticipated wind forces). [29 CFR 1926.452(p)(4)]. The superintendent had ordered the scaffold's main support be disassembled before the scaffold was lowered to ground level. The cornice hooks were not tied back with a secondary tieback system. (Figure 17) [. One hazard concerns the employees on the scaffold itself; the other concerns employees who work in or enter the area below the scaffold. Tip: Because it may be difficult to determine if a power line is insulated, or what its exact voltage is, the 10 ft. rule should always be applied. Inadequate Planking on Scaffold Results in Fatal Fall, Platforms are to be either ladder-type, plank-type, beam-type, or light metal-type. Personal fall arrest systems on scaffolds must be attached by..Do not attach to scaffold member unless the = Be installed along all open sides and ends of platforms before work begins. =Fall arrest equipment must be utilized. Question: Must the generator frame also support four times the intended load, meaning the generator frame must support a 400,000-pound load? When the victim's weight dropped back on the lanyard, it snapped, allowing him to fall to his death on a concrete floor. One employee fell to the ground, and the second employee at the other end was catapulted through an open window, where he was pulled to safety by office workers. Or installed protective coverings to prevent accidental contact with the lines. All scaffolds must be erected with adequate foundations.Concrete. These factors introduce the risk of electrocution. Each employee on a scaffold must be protected from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects, by [. This section does not apply to aerial lifts, the criteria for which are set out exclusively in 1926.453. Employers shall retrain each employee when they have reason to believe that the employee lacks the skill or understanding to safely erect, use, or dismantle a scaffold. Two employees were working on a two-point suspension scaffold without safety belts, lifeline, or tiebacks. [, Suspension ropes are to be shielded from heat-producing processes. When scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet above or below a point of access, one of the following must be used: Direct access from another scaffold or similar surface. Damaged or weakened scaffold parts must be.Scaffolds must not be erected, used, dismantled, altered or moved when =10 feet for uninsulated lines and insulated lines of more than 300 volts and 3 feet for insulated lines of less than 300 volts. along a cord. 3314.3.1.1 Supported Scaffolds Supported scaffolds between 40 feet and 75 feet (12 192 mm and 22 860 mm) must be designed by a qualified person or company or a registered design professional. Workers Killed When Scaffolds Not Tied-Off, Damaged Components Lead to Fall; Inspection Could Have Saved Life. Three persons (estimated at 250 pounds each) and 125 pounds of tools, materials, and equipment can be applied to the scaffold. 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